Alanine racemase chiral binaphthol derivative with powerful hydrogen bond donor, and optical resolution and optical transformation methods using the same

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is an alanine racemase chiral binaphthol derivative having the ability to recognize amino alcohols selectively on the basis of chirality and transform amino acids from an L-form into a D-form. Methods for the optical resolution of amino acid or amino alcohol and for the optical transformation of D- and L-forms of amino acids using the binaphthol derivative are also provided.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a binaphthol derivative useful for theoptical resolution of amino acids or amino alcohols and for the opticaltransformation of amino acids from a D-form into an L-form, or viceversa.

The present invention also relates to a method of subjecting racemicamino acids or racemic amino alcohols to optical resolution using theabove derivative, thus obtaining optically pure amino acids or opticallypure amino alcohols.

The present invention also relates to a method of subjecting amino acidsto optical transformation from a D-form into an L-form, or vice versa,using the above derivative.

2. Description of the Related Art

Optically pure amino acids and amino alcohols are widely used as ligandsof asymmetric catalysts or as starting materials or intermediatesnecessary for synthesizing various pharmacerutical supplies andphysiologically active substances, and are thus regarded as veryimportant in industrial fields ((a) Coppola, G. M.; Schuster, H. F.Asymmetric Synthesis. Construction of Chiral Molecules Using AminoAcids; Wiley: New York, 1987; (b) Bergmeier, S. C. Tetrahedron 2000, 56,2561-2576; (c) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis;John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; (d) Helmchen, G.; Pfaltz, A. Acc.Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 336-345. (e) Ager, D. J.; Prakash, I.; Schaad, D.R. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 835-876).

With regard to the preparation of such optically pure amino alcohols, DEUnexamined Patent Publication No. 4341605 discloses a method ofsynthesizing optically pure amino alcohols from optically pure aminoacids.

Unlike L-amino acids, D-amino acids do not naturally occur, but must beindustrially synthesized using an enzymatic biocatalyst. In this case,attributable to the instability of the enzymatic biocatalyst and thehigh selectivity thereof to a substrate, the preparation costs areincreased, and it is very difficult to produce various D-amino acids.Accordingly, various amino alcohols corresponding thereto are alsodifficult to produce, the preparation costs are very high, and thesupply thereof is insufficient to meet the demand therefore.

Therefore, thorough research into methods of easily and inexpensivelyproducing pure D-amino acids is continuously conducted ((a) Williams, R.M. In Synthesis of Optically Active a-Amino Acids; Baldwin, J. E., Ed.;Organic Chemistry Series; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1989. (b) Williams, R.M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889. (c) Duthaler, R. O.Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 1539. (d) Seebach, D.; Sting, A. R.; Hoffman, M.Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2708. (e) Maruoka, K.; Ooi, T.Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 3013.).

Favretto et. al. (Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 2581) proposed a method ofsynthesizing optically pure amino alcohol from chiral epoxide. However,this method is disadvantageous because of the use of expensive chiralepoxide and the poor yield, regioselectivity, and stereospecificity,thus making it difficult to realize industrial applications.

Recently, the optical resolution of amino alcohols by reactiveextraction is regarded as an industrially attractive choice because itcurrently appears to be the most cost-effective process (Steensma, M.;Kuipers, N. J. M.; Haan, A. B.; Kwant, G. Chirality 2006, 18, 314.).Versatile chiral receptors were tested by N. Kuipers and Prelogs forchiral separation of a number of chemically related amino alcohols andamines by reactive extraction. However, the selectivities of most of thetested receptors were too low for commercial application, exceptazophenolic crown ether of Hirose whose selectivity approached to 5.0(Naemura, K.; Nishioka, K.; Ogasahara K.; Nishikawa, Y.; Hirose, K.; Tobe, Y. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 563.).

Therefore, the present inventors have developed a method of forming animine bond using a binaphthol derivative (Compound 1) having an aldehydegroup to thereby recognize the chirality of a chiral amino alcohol oramino acid and transform L-amino acids into D-amino acids ((a) Park, H.;Kim, K. M.; Lee, A.; Ham, S.; Nam, W.; Chin, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007,129, 1518-1519; (b) Kim, K. M.; Park, H.; Kim, H.; Chin, J.; Nam, W.Org. Lett., 2005, 7, 3525-3527).

The binaphthol derivative (Compound 1) has been invented based on thereaction mechanism of a PLP compound ((a) Shaw, J. P.; Petsko, G. A.Ringe, D. Biochemistry, 1997, 36, 1329-1342; (b) Walsh, C. T. J. Biol.Chem. 1989, 264, 2393-2396) acting as a cofactor in an enzyme calledamino acid racemase.

The binaphthol derivative (Compound 1) is useful for stereoselectivelyrecognizing chiral amine through the formation of an imine bond andseparating amino alcohol into respective optical isomers, aresurprisingly able to convert DL-amino acids into D-amino acids, which isvery useful to produce D-amino acids or optically pure non-natural aminoacids by a novel way.

The binaphthol derivative (Compound 1) reacts also stereoselectivelywith amino alcohol, forming an imine compound, the selectivity thereofranging from 1:3 to 1:5. However, in the case where the selectivity ishigh, amino alcohol may be more easily separated into respective opticalisomers. Hence, the development of novel binaphthol derivatives havinghigher stereoselectivity is required for a more efficientindustrialization process for the resolution of amino alcohols.Furthermore, Chiral binaphthol derivative having chemical propertiessuch as high stereoselectivity and favorable solubility in chloroform orethyl acetate are especially required to be applied to the reactiveextraction process which is regarded as economically cost effectiveprocess.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Leading to the present invention, extensive and intensive research,conducted by the present inventors, led to the development of binaphtholderivatives (Formulas I˜VI), having a guanidinium group or animidazolium group able to form a powerful hydrogen bond with —OH or —CO₂⁻ as well as an electrical bond through positive charges thereof.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel compound, whichenables the more effective optical resolution of amino acids or aminoalcohols having the D-form or the L-form.

In addition, the present invention provides a method of synthesizing abinaphthol derivative at high yield while solving problems with aconventional binaphthol derivative related to the production of manyunnecessary by-products during the synthesis process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is ¹H NMR spectra in a CDCl₃ solvent, in which (a) is a spectrumof Compound 8, (b) is a spectrum of an imine compound formed through thereaction of Compound 8 and (S)-2-aminopropanol, (c) is a spectrum of animine compound obtained, through the reaction of Compound 8 and(R)-2-aminopropanol, and (d) is a spectrum of an imine compound obtainedthrough the reaction of Compound 8 and 2 equivalents of(R,S)-2-aminopropanol; and

FIG. 2 is ¹H NMR spectra of an imine compound formed through thereaction of Compound 8 and L-phenylalanine in the presence of 4equivalents of Et₃N, sequentially showing states after reaction times of1 hour, 5 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, in a downwarddirection.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The chiral selective recognition of amino alcohol or amino acid byCompound 1 is based on a difference in steric hindrance. That is, asseen in the following formulas, steric hindrance varies depending on thechirality of an imine compound which has a rigid structure by a hydrogenbond between the nitrogen of imine and —OH of phenol and a hydrogen bondbetween —OH or —CO₂ ⁻ and a uryl group.

In order to increase chiral selectivity, the imine compound should behighly rigid. To this end, the bonding force between the —OH of aminoalcohol and the uryl group of the binaphthol derivative should belarger. Thus, a hydrogen bond donor stronger than the uryl group isrequired.

Guanidinium or imidazolium cations behave as a hydrogen bond donor, andmore powerfully form a hydrogen bond with —OH or —CO₂ ⁻ than does theuryl group, leading to increased chiral selectivity.

Based on the above fact, the present inventors have designed novelbinaphthol derivatives (Formulas I˜VI) having a guanidinium group or animidazolium group, and have succeeded in the synthesis thereof at highyield. Further, these novel derivatives have been confirmed to exhibitchiral selectivity superior to that of Compound 1, as a conventionalbinaphthol derivative.

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by Formulas Ito VI below and derivatives thereof:

in Formulas I to VI, R1 to R8 are each i) linear or branched alkylsubstitutable with —OH, hydrogen, or halogen, ii) cyclic alkyl, alkenylor alkynyl substitutable with —OH or halogen, or iii) aryl substitutablewith —OH or halogen.

The above compounds have the following isomers.

In addition, the present invention is directed to a method for theoptical resolution of racemic amino alcohols or racemic amino acidsusing the compounds of Formulas I to VI.

In addition, the present invention is directed to a method for theoptical transformation of amino acids from the D-form into the L-form orfrom the L-form into the D-form using the compounds of Formulas I to VI.

1. Synthesis of Compounds of Formulas I to VI

Below, the method of synthesizing the above compounds is described.

The method of synthesizing the compounds of Formulas I to VI is notparticularly limited, but typically accords to the following reactionschemes.

(1) Preparation of Compound of Formula 1

The compound of Formula I may be synthesized according to Scheme 1below:

(in Scheme 1, MOM indicates methoxymethyl, Boc indicates t-butoxycarbonyl, PCC indicates pyridinium chlorochromate, and PPA indicatespolyphosphoric acid).

Further, Compound 9 may be obtained according to Scheme 1 usingN-Boc-2-methylthio-2-imidazoline, instead of1,3-bis-BOC-2-methyl-2-thiopseudourea.

Further, Compound 10 and Compound 11 may be obtained according to Scheme1 using 2-nitrobenzyl bromide and 4-nitrobenzylbromide, respectively,instead of 3-nitrobenzyl bromide.

All of the compounds thus obtained may be used for the optical isomerresolution of amino alcohols or amino acids and the chiraltransformation of amino acids.

(2) Synthesis of Compound of Formula II

The compound of Formula II (Compound 12) may be obtained according toScheme 1 using 2,4-dinitrobenzyl bromide instead of 3-nitrobenzylbromide. This compound may also be used for the optical isomerresolution of amino alcohols or amino acids and the chiraltransformation of amino acids.

In the prior, patent (Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No.2006-0088489), a binaphthol derivative having a uryl group issynthesized using 2,2′-binaphthol-3-aldehyde, instead of Compound 2, inwhich MOM is substituted at the 2-O position in Scheme 1. In this case,however, many by-products occur, and thus the yield of a final compoundis remarkably decreased and the purity thereof is difficult to increase.Thus, in the present invention, the novel process of Scheme 1 has beendeveloped.

Even in Schemes 2 to 5, the same principle is applied. That is, when acompound, in which MOM is substituted at the 2-O position of2,2′-binaphthol or a derivative thereof, is used as a starting material,the yield and purity are preferably increased.

(3) Synthesis of Compounds of Formulas III and IV

The compounds of Formulas III and IV may be synthesized according toSchemes 2 and 3 below.

In the above process, when dialkylethylenediamine ((NH₂)RC═CR(NH₂)) isused instead of 1,2-diaminobenzene, various dialkylimidazoliumderivatives corresponding thereto may be obtained.

(4) Synthesis of Compound of Formula V

The compound of Formula V may be synthesized according to Scheme 4below:

(5) Synthesis of Compound of Formula VI

The compound of Formula VI may be synthesized by subjecting a compound,obtained using dinitrobenzyl bromide instead of nitrobenzyl bromide inScheme 1, to reduction from a nitro group into an —NH₂ group, and thento Scheme 5 below:

Although all the above reaction schemes are illustrated withS-binaphthol, they may also be applied to R-binaphthol.

2. Optical Resolution and Optical Transformation

The compounds of the present invention are useful for the opticalresolution of racemic amino alcohols or racemic amino acids and theoptical transformation of racemic amino acids.

(1) Optical Resolution of Racemic Amino Alcohol or Racemic Amino Acid

Amino alcohols that may be subjected to optical resolution using thecompound of the present invention are represented by Formula VII below,in which an asymmetric carbon atom is present to thus form an opticalisomer having an R-form or an S-form:

wherein R9 to R12 are each independently a hydrogen-containingmonovalent organic group or halogen, and preferably substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cyclic alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.

The compound of the present invention may be used for the opticalresolution of amino acids represented by Formula VIII below:

wherein R13 to R15 are each independently a hydrogen-containingmonovalent organic group, and preferably substituted or unsubstitutedalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted cyclic alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.

As the method for optical resolution of racemic amino alcohols orracemic amino acids using the compounds of Formulas I to VI, any methodmay be used as long as it is known in the art. That is, a batch processusing a solvent, or a column process, in which a column is filled withthe compound, may be applied. Also, the reactive extraction processwhich is regarded as economically cost effective process may be applied.Further, amino alcohol or amino acid, which is subjected to primaryoptical resolution, may be repeatedly subjected to optical resolution,if required, thereby obtaining amino alcohol or amino acid having higheroptical purity.

3. Optical Transformation of Racemic Amino Acid

Using the compound of the present invention, amino acid of Formula VIIImay be transformed from a D-form into an L-form, or vice versa. In thecase of the S-binaphthol derivative of the present invention, an L-aminoacid may be transformed into a D-amino acid. In the case of theR-binaphthol derivative, a D-amino acid may be transformed into anL-amino acid. This phenomenon is considered to be due to the recognitionof chirality of the chiral compound.

A better understanding of the present invention may be obtained throughthe following examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are notto be construed as the limit of the present invention.

Example 1 Synthesis of S-Binaphthol Derivative of Compound 8 (1)Preparation of Compound 3((S)-1-methoxymethyl-1′-(3-nitrobenzyl)-bi-2-naphtholaldehyde)

(S)-1-methoxymethyl-bi-2-naphtholaldehyde (Compound 2) (0.6 g, 1.67mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml of DMF, after which the solution was addedwith NaH (0.081 g, 2.0 mmol) and was then stirred for 10 min. Further,the stirred solution was added with 3-nitrobenzyl bromide (0.434 g, 2.0mmol) and was then stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, thusobtaining Compound 3.

Yield: 95%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 250 MHz): 10.60 (s, 1H, CHO), 8.61 (s, 1H),8.03-7.83 (m, 5H), 7.48-7.20 (m, 9H), 5.19 (dd, 2H, benzylic), 4.73 (dd,2H, —OCH₂O—), 2.89 (s, 3H, —OCH₃).

(2) Preparation of Compound 4((S)-1-methoxymethyl-1′-(3-nitrobenzyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-binaphthol)

To Compound 3 (0.643 g, 1.3 mmol) in a methanol solution, NaBH₄ (60 mg,1.56 mmol) was added, thus obtaining Compound 4.

Yield: 98%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 250 MHz): 8.02-7.79 (m, 6H), 7.43-7.11 (m,9H), 5.11 (dd, 2H, —OCH₂Ar), 4.95 (s, 2H, ArCH₂OH), 4.55 (dd, 2H,—OCH₂O—), 3.57 (s, br, 1H, OH), 3.12 (s, 3H, OCH₃).

(3) Preparation of Compound 5US)-1-methoxymethyl-1′-(3-aminobenzyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-binaphthol)

A solution of ethanol/dioxane/water mixed at 1:1:1 was added withCompound 4 (0.646 g, 1.3 mmol), iron powder (0.504 g, 9.1 mmol), andammonium chloride (0.126 g, 2.34 mmol), and was then allowed to react,thus obtaining Compound 5.

Yield: 95%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 250 MHz): 8.03-8.78 (m, 4H), 7.49-7.24 (m,7H), 6.96 (m, 1H), 6.48 (m, 2H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 5.04-4.86 (m, 4H), 4.60(dd, 2H, —OCH2O—), 3.51 (br, 3H, NH₂ and OH), 3.18 (s, 3H, —OCH₃).

(4) Preparation of Compound 6((S)-1-methoxymethyl-1′-(3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-diaminobenzyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-binaphthol)

50 ml of an AcOH/EtOH (1:9 v/v) solution of Compound 5 (0.56 g, 1.2mmol) and 1,3-bis-BOC-2-methyl-2-thiopseudourea (0.35 g, 1.4 mmol) washeated for 16 hours, thus obtaining Compound 6.

Yield: 85%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 250 MHz): 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H, J=9.0Hz), 7.87 (s, 2H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, j=9.0 Hz), 7.38-7.02 (m, 7H),6.83 (d, 1H), 6.66 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 6.57 (s, 1H), 5.13-4.79 (m, 4H),4.51 (s, 2H, —OCH₂O—), 4.16 (br, 3H), 3.43 (s, 4H, guanidine CH₂), 2.96(s, 3H, —OCH₃).

(5) Preparation of Compound 8((S)-1-1′-(3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-diamino)benzyl)-bi-2-naphtholaldehyde)

Compound 6 was treated with PCC, after which MOM was separated with anHCl solution, thus obtaining Compound 8.

Yield: 95%. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 250 MHz): 10.40 (s, br, 1H, NH), 10.36 (s,1H, CHO), 10.15 (s, br, OH), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.23-8.07 (m, 4H), 7.97 (d,1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.45-7.22 (m, 5H), 7.55-6.99 (m,4H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H, benzylic CH₂), 3.63 (s, 4H, guanidineCH₂).

Example 2 Synthesis of R-Binaphthol Derivative of Compound 8

The title compound was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1,with the exception that (R)-1-methoxymethyl-bi-2-naphtholaldehyde wasused instead of (S)-1-methoxymethyl-bi-2-naphtholaldehyde.

Example 3 Synthesis of S-Binaphthol Derivative of Compound 9

The title compound was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1,with the exception that N-Boc-2-methylthio-2-imidazoline was usedinstead of 1,3-bis-BOC-2-methyl-2-thiopseudourea.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 250 MHz): 10.34 (s, 1H, CHO), 10.26 (s, 1H, NH), 9.02(s, 1H, NH), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.97 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz),7.63 (d, 1H, J=9.1 Hz), 7.45-7.20 (m, 9H), 7.07-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.81 (s,1H), 5.19 (s, 2H, benzylic CH₂).

Example 4 Synthesis of R-Binaphthol Derivative of Compound 9

The title compound was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 3,with the exception that (R)-1-methoxymethyl-bi-2-naphtholaldehyde wasused instead of (S)-1-methoxymethyl-bi-2-naphtholaldehyde.

Example 5 Synthesis of S-Binaphthol Derivative of Compound 17

(1) Preparation of Compound 14

(S)-1-methoxymethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-binaphthol (Compound 13, 0.41 mmol)was added with NaH (11 mg, 0.46 mmol) and 3-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde(82 mg, 0.42 mmol), and was then stirred in DMF, thus obtaining Compound14.

Yield: 80%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 250 MHz): 9.72 (s, 1H, —CHO), 7.88-8.02 (m,4H), 7.13-7.64 (m, 11H), 5.06-5.20 (dd, 2H, MOM-CHO, 4.93 (d, 2H,—CH₂OH), 4.48-4.61 (dd, 2H, 2-O-benzylic CH₂), 3.15 (s, 3H, —OCH₃).

(2) Preparation of Compound 15

Compound 14 (300 mg, 0.627 mmol), para-phenylene diamine (75 mg, 0.693mmol), and NaHSO₃ (65 mg, 0.627 mmol) were boiled in an ethanol solutionfor 10 hours, thus obtaining Compound 15.

Yield: 76%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 250 MHz): 10.69 (s, 1H, —OH), 7.18-8.07 (m,20H), 5.19-5.27 (dd, 2H, —CH₂), 4.99-5.04 (d, 2H, —O—CH₂), 4.60-4.70(dd, 2H, —O—CH₂—OCH₃), 3.14 (s, 3H, —O—CH₂—CH₃).

(3) Preparation of Compound 17

Compound 15 was treated with PCC, and was then added with HCl, thusobtaining Compound 17.

Yield: 84%. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 250 MHz): 12.81 (br, 1H, —OH), 10.33 (s,1H, —CHO), 8.62 (s, 1H), 6.96-8.09 (m, 20H), 5.29 (s, 2H, —OCH₂—).

Example 6 Synthesis of S-Binaphthol Derivative of Compound 22((S)-1-Hydroxy-1′-(3-Diethylaminomethylbenzyl)-2-Aldehyde-Binaphthol)

To DMF of an ice bath, NaH (2.4 equiv. 0.12) and Compound (0.43 g, 1.12mmol) were sequentially added. After 1 hour, this solution was addedwith diethylaminomethyl benzylbromide (0.42 g, 1.23 mmol) and was thenallowed to react, thus obtaining the following compound((S)-1-methoxymethyl-1′-(3-diethylaminomethylbenzyl)-2-aldehyde-binaphthol).

The above compound((S)-1-methoxymethyl-1′-(3-diethylaminomethylbenzyl)-2-aldehyde-binaphthol)(0.2 g, 0.37 mmol) was added with hydrogen chloride in ethanol, and wasthen heated, thus obtaining Compound 22.

Yield: 90%. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 250 MHz); 50.48 (s, 1H, —CHO), 10.35 (s,1H, —OH) 8.80 (s, 1H, —CH), 8.23˜7.14 (m, 14H), 5.34 (s, 2H, —OCH₂—),4.16 (s, 2H, —NCH₂—), 3.04 (q, 4H, —CH₂ of ethyl), 1.26 (t, 6H, —CH₂ ofethyl)

Example 7 Optical Resolution of Amino Alcohol using Compound 8 andCompound 9

(1) Test

The optical resolution of amino alcohol using the binaphthol derivativeof the present invention was tested as follows.

As the binaphthol derivative, Compound 8 (Examples 1 and 2) and Compound9 (Examples 3 and 4) were used. The racemic amino alcohol wasexemplified by four amino alcohols, including aminopropanol (Table 1below).

Into an NMR tube, 0.7 ml of CDCl₃, 0.04 mmol (R,S)-2-aminopropanol, inwhich the R-form and the S-form were mixed at 1:1, and 0.02 mmolbinaphthol derivative were added, after which ¹H-NMR was measured. Theresults are shown in (d) of FIG. 1.

For comparison, the ¹H-NMR spectrum of Compound 8 alone is shown in (a)of FIG. 1.

The imine compound was formed within 5 min, and thus reachedequilibrium.

Further, the R-form and the S-form were each added in the same amount,after which ¹H NMR was measured and the positions of the peaks of theracemic mixture were designated. The ¹H NMR spectrum of the iminecompound resulting from Compound 8 and (S)-2-aminopropanol is shown in(b) of FIG. 1, and the ¹H NMR spectrum of the imine compound resultingfrom Compound 8 and (R)-2-aminopropanol is shown in (c) of FIG. 1.

The chiral selectivity was determined by integrating the peakcorresponding to the R-form and the peak corresponding to the S-form.

(2) Results

As is apparent from the ¹H NMR of (d) of FIG. 1 for the imine compound,resulting from Compound 8 and racemic aminopropanol, selectivity isfound between the R-form and the S-form. When originating from R-aminoalcohol and S-amino alcohol, the imine proton peaks appear at 8.95 ppmand 8.80 ppm, respectively, as seen in (b) and (c) of FIG. 1. Thus, inthe spectrum of (d) of FIG. 1, the intensities of the peaks at 8.95 ppmand 8.80 ppm were measured, thereby quantitatively analyzing the R-formand the S-form, used for forming the imine bond with Compound 8.

The ¹H NMR spectrum of (d) demonstrates that the peak corresponding toR-imine is 5.0 times higher than the peak corresponding to S-imine,indicating that R-amino alcohol can form an imine bond with Compound 85.0²=25 times more than can S-amino alcohol.

In addition, when Compound 9 and other amino alcohols were tested in thesame manner as above, good chiral selectivity was also realized. Theresults are summarized in Table 1 below.

Comparative Example 1 Optical Resolution of Amino Alcohol using KnownBinaphthol Derivative

The optical resolution of amino alcohol was tested as in Example 8, withthe exception that the following binaphthol derivative, known in theprior patent (Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-0088489),was used. The results are also summarized in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Chiral Selectivity for Amino Alcohol in Example 8 (Compound 8 andCompound 9) and Comparative Example 1 (K_(R) = imine formation constantby R-amino alcohol; K_(S) = imine formation constant by S- aminoalcohol) K_(R)/K_(S) Ex. 8 Amino Alcohol Compound 8 Compound 9 C. Ex.2-Amino-1-Propanol 13.7 13.7 3.8 2-Amino-1-Butanol 17.6 17.6 3.12-Amino-2-Phenylethanol 25.0 25.0 4.6 2-Amino-3-Phenyl-1-Propanol 16.816.8 4.9

Example 8 Optical Transformation of L-Amino Acid into D-Amino

Acid using Compound 8 and Compound 9

(1) Test

The optical transformation of amino acid using the binaphthol derivativeof the present invention was tested as follows.

As the binaphthol derivative, Compound 8 (Examples 1 and 2) and Compound9 (Examples 3 and 4) were used, and the racemic amino acid wasexemplified by six amino acids, including triethylamine (Table 2 below).

Into an NMR tube, 0.7 ml of DMSO-d₆, 0.022 mmol L-amino acid, 0.08 mmoltriethylamine, and 0.02 mmol binaphthol derivative were added, and¹H-NMR was measured.

Immediately after the L-amino acid completely reacted with thebinaphthol derivative, an imine was formed.

Then, ¹H-NMR was measured over time, from which the L-amino acid wasconfirmed to have been transformed into a D-amino acid.

FIG. 2 illustrates the ¹H NMR showing the transformation ofL-phenylalanine into D-phenylalanine using Compound 8.

The upper first spectrum of FIG. 2 shows ¹H NMR of the imine compound,formed 1 hour after the reaction of the S-binaphthol derivative ofCompound 8 and the L-phenylalanine in the presence of 4 equivalents ofEt₃N, the ¹H NMR spectra thereunder sequentially showing states afterreaction times of 5 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours.

As shown in these spectra, new peaks appear just after the reaction.These peaks coincide with the peaks of imine formed through the reactionof Compound 8 and D-phenylalanine. After hours, the peaks detected inL-phenylalanine almost disappear, whereas the peaks detected inD-phenylalanine predominate. This means that L-phenylalanine wastransformed into D-phenylalanine.

In FIG. 2, in the compound formed through the reaction of Compound 8 andL-alanine, about 97.7% of L-phenylalanine can be seen to have beentransformed into D-phenylalanine (L:D=1:42, according to the calculationof the area of the peaks) after about 48 hours. However, almost noD-phenylalanine was transformed into L-phenylalanine. This is becauseCompound 8 is the S-binaphthol derivative. Thus, if the R-binaphtholderivative is used, D-amino acid can be transformed into L-amino acid.

Consequently, using the compound of the present invention, only oneisomer of optically pure D-amino acid or L-amino acid from racemic aminoacid can be effectively obtained.

Other amino acids were tested in the same manner as above, usingCompound 8 and Compound 9. As the results, the final ratio of L-aminoacid and D-amino acid is summarized in Table 2 below.

Comparative Example 2 Optical Transformation of L-Amino Acid intoD-Amino Acid using Known Binaphthol Derivative

The optical transformation of amino acid was tested in the same manneras in Example 9, with the exception that the binaphthol derivative ofComparative Example 1 was used. The results are also summarized in Table2 below.

TABLE 2 Ratio of D-Amino Acid/L-Amino Acid in Equilibrium (measured by¹H NMR Integration ratio) K_(R)/K_(S) Ex. 8 Amino Alcohol Compound 8Compound 9 C. Ex. histidine 50/1 — 13.9/1 tyrosine 20/1 25/1 12.3/1phenylalanine 42/1 11/1 11.1/1 serine 27/1 — 10.6/1 glutamine 18/1 —14.8/1 asparagines 17/1 — 13.0/1

The reason why the compounds of the present invention are bonded withamino alcohol with high chiral selectivity and cause L-amino acid to betransformed into D-amino acid is considered to be the same as in thecase of the prior patent (Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No.2006-0088489). However, Compound 8 and Compound 9 of the presentinvention have much higher selectivity than the compound of the priorpatent. This is because the guanidinium group of Compound 8 and Compound9 is cationic, such that a more powerful hydrogen bond can result.

It is deemed that the powerful hydrogen bond between the carboxylategroup (−CO₂ ⁻) of amino acid and the guanidinium makes the entire iminestructure rigid, to thus increase chiral selectivity. For instance, thecompound of Formula VI has two uryl groups, and thus can be morepowerfully bonded with —OH or —CO₂ ⁻ than a compound having one urylgroup.

According to the present invention, the binaphthol derivative can bestrongly bonded with a hydroxyl group (—OH) and a carboxylate group(—CO₂ ⁻) of amino alcohol, thus greatly increasing the ability torecognize the chirality of chiral amino alcohols or amino acids comparedto conventional techniques, thereby advantageously facilitating theindustrial application thereof.

Whereas a conventional binaphthol derivative (Compound 1) having a urylgroup forms about 4˜5 times more imine with R-amino alcohol than withS-amino alcohol, Compound 8, having a cationic guanidinium groupaccording to the present invention, can form about 20˜30 times moreimine with the R-form than with the S-form.

In the present invention, the synthesis efficiency of binaphtholderivatives able to recognize, the chirality of amino alcohols or aminoacids and realize the mutual transformation of L-amino acid and D-aminoacid can be drastically increased, thereby economically synthesizingbinaphthol derivatives.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendisclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art willappreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions arepossible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventionas disclosed in the accompanying claims.

1. A binaphthol derivative selected from the group consisting ofcompounds represented by Formulas III and IV below:

wherein R1, R2, R5, and R6 are each: (i) linear or branched alkyl groupssubstitutable with —OH, hydrogen or halogen, (ii) cyclic alkyl, alkenylor alkynyl groups substitutable with —OH or halogen, or (iii) arylgroups substitutable with —OH or halogen.
 2. A method for opticalresolution of a racemic amino alcohol represented by Formula VII belowor a racemic amino acid represented by Formula VIII below:

wherein R9 to R12 are each independently a hydrogen-containingmonovalent organic group or halogen; and

wherein R13 to R15 are each independently a hydrogen-containingmonovalent organic group, the method comprising: providing the compoundof claim 1; and optically resolving the racemic amino alcoholrepresented by Formula VII or the racemic amino acid represented byFormula VIII using the compound of claim
 1. 3. The method as set forthin claim 2, wherein the R9 to R12 are each independently, as thehydrogen-containing monovalent organic group, one of a substituted orunsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkyl group, and a substituted orunsubstituted aryl group.
 4. The method as set forth in claim 2, whereinthe R13 to R15 are each independently, as the hydrogen-containingmonovalent organic group, one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted cyclic alkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstitutedaryl group.
 5. A method for optical transformation of an amino acidrepresented by Formula VIII below from a D-form into an L-form or fromthe L-form into the D-form:

wherein R13 to R15 are each independently a hydrogen-containingmonovalent organic group the method comprising: providing the compoundof claim 1; and optically transforming the amino acid represented byFormula VIII from a D-form into an L-form or from the L-form into theD-form using the compound of claim
 1. 6. The method as set forth inclaim 5, wherein the R13 to R15 are each independently, as thehydrogen-containing monovalent organic group, one of a substituted orunsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkyl group, and a substituted orunsubstituted aryl group.